Rubber particle agglomeration phenomena in acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) polymers. I. Structure-property relationships study on rubber particle agglomeration and molded surface appearance

1996 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1003-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. O. Chang ◽  
R. L. Nemeth
Keyword(s):  
Rubber Particle ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Particle Agglomeration ◽  
Surface Appearance ◽  
Structure Property Relationships ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Improved Understanding of Damage Precursors Through Local Mechanical Characterization

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Cole ◽  
Ed M. Habtour
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Aerospace Materials ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Structure Property Relationships ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Affect Processing

We report on the use of local mechanical characterization techniques for the understanding of structural damage precursors in various material systems. Instrumented indentation and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize local damage in: (1) fatigued metallic beams subject to non-linear vibration, (2) individual polymer and glass microfibers, and (3) additive manufactured thermoplastics. Indentation studies of the fatigued metallic beams showed a compliance effect of up to 40% in relatively highly stressed regions. An approved fiber mounting technique allowed for indentation of unmodified surfaces of single microfibers, while AFM modulus maps of the fibers reveal local regions of relative compliance. Local mechanical tests of 3-D printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene specimens revealed a variation in properties between printed beads and bead-bead interfaces. The nano-/micro-scale techniques developed in the present study provide a framework for understanding how damage precursors may affect processing-structure-property relationships in present and future structural aerospace materials.

New Polybutadiene-Based Thermoplastic Elastomers: Synthesis, Morphology and Mechanical Properties

1997 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 714-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ph Dubois ◽  
Y. S. Yu ◽  
Ph Teyssié ◽  
R. Jérôme
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Butyl Methacrylate ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Thermal Transitions ◽  
Selective Hydrolysis ◽  
Structure Property Relationships ◽  
Meth Acrylic Acid ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Abstract Well defined poly[styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene] block copolymers (SBS) end-capped with poly(t-butyl methacrylate) (PtBMA) and poly (meth acrylic acid) (PMA) outer blocks, respectively, have been synthesized by the sequential anionic polymerization of butadiene, styrene and tBMA, followed by the selective hydrolysis of the PtBMA blocks into the corresponding PMA blocks. The structure-property relationships of these new thermoplastic elastomers have been investigated, with a special emphasis on the effect of the ester or acid outer blocks on the bulk properties. As a rule, tensile strength is improved by increasing the length of the ester or acid outer blocks from 0 to 140 methacrylic units. Dipole—dipole intermolecular interaction of the PtBMA blocks and hydrogen bonding of the PMA blocks may account for enhanced mechanical properties. However, too high a degree of strong intermolecular interactions can constitute a deterrent to good phase separation. This is supported by morphological observations and loss in tensile properties when the relative content of the ester or acid outer blocks exceeds some critical value. In the case of a high acid content, DSC analysis shows two thermal transitions at −70 °C and 230°C for PBD and PMA blocks, respectively.

Structure-property relationships of PE/PP sandwiched films

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
J. Petermann ◽  
G. Broza ◽  
U. Rieck ◽  
A. Jaballah ◽  
A. Kawaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Ionic Crystals ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Polymer Systems ◽  
Structure Property Relationships ◽  
Oriented Films ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Polymer Laminates ◽  
Heated Glass

Oriented overgrowth of polymer materials onto ionic crystals is well known and recently it was demonstrated that this epitaxial crystallisation can also occur in polymer/polymer systems, under certain conditions. The morphologies and the resulting physical properties of such systems will be presented, especially the influence of epitaxial interfaces on the adhesion of polymer laminates and the mechanical properties of epitaxially crystallized sandwiched layers.Materials used were polyethylene, PE, Lupolen 6021 DX (HDPE) and 1810 D (LDPE) from BASF AG; polypropylene, PP, (PPN) provided by Höchst AG and polybutene-1, PB-1, Vestolen BT from Chemische Werke Hüls. Thin oriented films were prepared according to the method of Petermann and Gohil, by winding up two different polymer films from two separately heated glass-plates simultaneously with the help of a motor driven cylinder. One double layer was used for TEM investigations, while about 1000 sandwiched layers were taken for mechanical tests.

Approaches for TEM imaging of cavitation in toughened nylon

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 352-353
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Polymer Systems ◽  
Selective Staining ◽  
Structure Property Relationships ◽  
Rubber Toughened ◽  
Shear Yield ◽  
Controversial Topic ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Diamond Knife

A controversial topic in the study of structure-property relationships of toughened polymer systems is the internal cavitation of toughener particles resulting from damage on impact or tensile deformation.Detailed observations of the influence of morphological characteristics such as particle size distribution on deformation mechanisms such as shear yield and cavitation could provide valuable guidance for selection of processing conditions, but TEM observation of damaged zones presents some experimental difficulties.Previously published TEM images of impact fractured toughened nylon show holes but contrast between matrix and toughener is lacking; other systems investigated have clearly shown cavitated impact modifier particles. In rubber toughened nylon, the physical characteristics of cavitated material differ from undamaged material to the extent that sectioning of heavily damaged regions by cryoultramicrotomy with a diamond knife results in sections of greater than optimum thickness (Figure 1). The detailed morphology is obscured despite selective staining of the rubber phase using the ruthenium trichloride route to ruthenium tetroxide.

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